道德经第77章：天之道
Dao De Jing Chapter 77 – The Way of Heaven
道德经第77章通过生动的比喻，将天道比作张弓射箭的过程，揭示了宇宙自然的平衡法则。老子在这一章中深刻阐述了天道与人道的根本区别，为我们理解道家哲学的核心思想提供了重要视角。
Dao De Jing Chapter 77 uses vivid metaphors to compare the way of heaven to the process of drawing a bow, revealing the balancing laws of the natural universe. In this chapter, Lao Tzu profoundly expounds the fundamental differences between the heavenly way and human ways, providing an important perspective for understanding the core ideas of Taoist philosophy.
一、原文与版本对比 / Original Text & Versions
本章主要参考三个历史版本：王弼本（通行本，魏晋时期）、帛书本（汉代马王堆出土）、楚简版（战国时期郭店楚墓出土）。不同版本在文字和表述上存在细微差异。 This chapter primarily draws from three historical versions: the Wang Bi edition (the standard version from the Wei–Jin period), the Mawangdui Silk Manuscript edition (excavated from the Western Han Mawangdui tombs),and the Guodian Bamboo Slip edition (excavated from a Warring States–period Chu tomb in Guodian). These versions show subtle differences in wording and expression.”
| 版本 / Version | 中文原文 / Chinese Text | 拼音 / Pinyin | 英文翻译 / English Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 王弼本 (通行本) | 天之道，其犹张弓与？ | tiān zhī dào, qí yóu zhāng gōng yǔ? | The way of heaven, is it not like stretching a bow? |
| 帛书本 | 天之道，犹张弓者也？ | tiān zhī dào, yóu zhāng gōng zhě yě? | The way of heaven, is it like one who stretches a bow? |
| 楚简版 | 天之道，其犹张弓欤？ | tiān zhī dào, qí yóu zhāng gōng yú? | The way of heaven, is it like stretching a bow? |
|
版本差异分析： 王弼本使用'与'作为疑问词，帛书本使用'者也'结构更显古朴，楚简版用'欤'字，三者句式略有差异但核心比喻一致
Version Differences: Wangbi version uses 'yu' as interrogative particle, Boshu version uses 'zhe ye' structure showing more archaic style, Chujian version uses 'yu' character. All three have slight differences in sentence structure but share the same core metaphor |
|||
| 王弼本 (通行本) | 高者抑之，下者举之；有余者损之，不足者补之 | gāo zhě yì zhī, xià zhě jǔ zhī; yǒu yú zhě sǔn zhī, bù zú zhě bǔ zhī | The high it presses down, the low it lifts up; The excessive it reduces, the deficient it supplements |
| 帛书本 | 高者抑之，下者举之；有余者损之，不足者益之 | gāo zhě yì zhī, xià zhě jǔ zhī; yǒu yú zhě sǔn zhī, bù zú zhě yì zhī | The high it presses down, the low it lifts up; The excessive it reduces, the deficient it benefits |
| 楚简版 | 高者抑之，下者举之；有余者损之，不足者补之 | gāo zhě yì zhī, xià zhě jǔ zhī; yǒu yú zhě sǔn zhī, bù zú zhě bǔ zhī | The high it presses down, the low it lifts up; The excessive it reduces, the deficient it supplements |
|
版本差异分析： 三个版本在'补之'与'益之'用词上略有差异，王弼本和楚简版用'补之'，帛书本用'益之'，但表达的意思基本相同，都强调平衡调节
Version Differences: The three versions have slight differences in wording between 'supplements' and 'benefits'. Wangbi and Chujian use 'supplements' while Boshu uses 'benefits', but they convey essentially the same meaning of balance adjustment |
|||
| 王弼本 (通行本) | 人之道则不然，损不足以奉有余 | rén zhī dào zé bù rán, sǔn bù zú yǐ fèng yǒu yú | The way of man is not so: It reduces the deficient to offer to the excessive |
| 帛书本 | 人之道不然，损不足而奉有余 | rén zhī dào bù rán, sǔn bù zú ér fèng yǒu yú | The way of man is not so: It reduces the deficient and offers to the excessive |
| 楚简版 | 人之道则不然，损不足以奉有余 | rén zhī dào zé bù rán, sǔn bù zú yǐ fèng yǒu yú | The way of man is not so: It reduces the deficient to offer to the excessive |
|
版本差异分析： 王弼本和楚简版几乎一致，帛书本省略'则'字且用'而'连接，但都准确表达了人道与天道的对立关系
Version Differences: Wangbi and Chujian versions are almost identical, while Boshu version omits 'ze' and uses 'er' as conjunction. All accurately express the opposition between human way and heavenly way |
|||
| 王弼本 (通行本) | 是以圣人为而不恃，功成而不处，其不欲见贤 | shì yǐ shèng rén wéi ér bù shì, gōng chéng ér bù chù, qí bù yù jiàn xián | Therefore the sage acts but does not possess, accomplishes but does not claim, does not desire to display his excellence |
| 帛书本 | 是以圣人为而弗有，成功而弗居也，若此其不欲见贤也 | shì yǐ shèng rén wéi ér fú yǒu, chéng gōng ér fú jū yě, ruò cǐ qí bù yù jiàn xián yě | Therefore the sage acts but does not possess, succeeds but does not dwell on it, thus he does not desire to display his excellence |
| 楚简版 | 是以圣人能成其大，以其不自大，故能成其大 | shì yǐ shèng rén néng chéng qí dà, yǐ qí bù zì dà, gù néng chéng qí dà | Therefore the sage can accomplish great things, because he does not consider himself great, thus he can accomplish great things |
|
版本差异分析： 此句差异较大，王弼本和帛书本内容相似但用词不同，楚简版则完全不同的表述，强调谦虚不自大的品质
Version Differences: This sentence shows significant differences. Wangbi and Boshu versions have similar content with different wording, while Chujian version has completely different expression emphasizing the quality of humility |
|||
二、核心主题解析 / Key Themes & Philosophical Analysis
1. 天道平衡法则 / The Balancing Law of Heavenly Way
道德经第77章的核心主题是天道平衡法则。老子通过'张弓'的生动比喻，形象地描述了天道如何维持宇宙的平衡与和谐。'高者抑之，下者举之；有余者损之，不足者补之'这十六个字精妙地概括了自然界的自我调节机制。这种平衡不是静态的均衡，而是动态的调节过程，如同张弓射箭时需要不断调整力度和角度以达到最佳状态。天道平衡法则体现了道家对自然规律的深刻认识，认为宇宙本身具有自我修正和自我完善的能力。这种思想与现代系统论中的负反馈调节机制有着惊人的相似之处，都强调系统通过自我调节维持稳定状态。老子所描述的天道平衡不是人为干预的结果，而是自然本身的内在属性，这种认识对于理解道家'无为而治'的政治哲学具有重要意义。
The core theme of Tao Te Ching Chapter 77 is the balancing law of the heavenly way. Through the vivid metaphor of 'stretching a bow', Lao Tzu vividly describes how the heavenly way maintains cosmic balance and harmony. The sixteen characters 'The high it presses down, the low it lifts up; The excessive it reduces, the deficient it supplements' brilliantly summarize the self-regulating mechanism of nature. This balance is not static equilibrium but a dynamic adjustment process, similar to how one constantly adjusts strength and angle when drawing a bow to achieve the optimal state. The balancing law of heavenly way reflects Taoism's profound understanding of natural laws, believing that the universe itself possesses the capacity for self-correction and self-perfection. This thinking shows remarkable similarity to the negative feedback regulation mechanism in modern systems theory, both emphasizing how systems maintain stability through self-regulation. The heavenly balance described by Lao Tzu is not the result of human intervention but an inherent property of nature itself. This understanding holds significant importance for comprehending Taoist political philosophy of 'governing through non-action'.
与原文的对应（中文）：直接对应经文'天之道，其犹张弓与？高者抑之，下者举之；有余者损之，不足者补之'，通过张弓比喻阐释天道平衡原理
Relation to the text (English): Directly corresponds to the text 'The way of heaven, is it not like stretching a bow? The high it presses down, the low it lifts up; The excessive it reduces, the deficient it supplements', explaining the principle of heavenly balance through bow metaphor
2. 天道与人道对比 / Contrast between Heavenly Way and Human Way
老子在道德经第77章中明确区分了天道与人道的本质差异，这是本章另一个重要主题。'天之道，损有余而补不足。人之道则不然，损不足以奉有余'，这两句形成了鲜明的对比。天道追求的是平衡与公正，通过调节使资源合理分配；而人道往往加剧不平等，使贫者愈贫，富者愈富。这种对比揭示了人类社会制度与自然法则之间的根本矛盾。老子通过这种对比，批判了当时社会的不公正现象，同时也为后世提供了深刻的社会批判视角。天道与人道的对立不仅体现在资源分配上，更体现在价值取向和行为方式上。天道强调自然、无为、平衡，而人道往往体现为人为干预、强制控制和利益追逐。这种对比启发我们反思现代社会发展模式，思考如何使人类社会更加符合自然之道。老子的这一思想对于构建和谐社会、实现可持续发展具有重要的指导意义。
Lao Tzu clearly distinguishes the essential differences between the heavenly way and human way in Tao Te Ching Chapter 77, which constitutes another important theme of this chapter. The two sentences 'The way of heaven reduces the excessive and supplements the deficient. The way of man is not so: It reduces the deficient to offer to the excessive' form a sharp contrast. The heavenly way pursues balance and justice, achieving reasonable resource distribution through adjustment; while the human way often exacerbates inequality, making the poor poorer and the rich richer. This contrast reveals the fundamental contradiction between human social systems and natural laws. Through this comparison, Lao Tzu criticizes the social injustice of his time while providing a profound perspective for social criticism in later generations. The opposition between heavenly way and human way is manifested not only in resource distribution but also in value orientation and behavioral patterns. The heavenly way emphasizes naturalness, non-action, and balance, while the human way often manifests as artificial intervention, forced control, and profit pursuit. This contrast inspires us to reflect on modern social development models and consider how to make human society more aligned with the natural way. Lao Tzu's thinking holds significant guiding meaning for building harmonious societies and achieving sustainable development.
与原文的对应（中文）：基于经文'天之道，损有余而补不足。人之道则不然，损不足以奉有余'的直接对比，展开天道与人道差异的深入分析
Relation to the text (English): Based on the direct contrast in the text 'The way of heaven reduces the excessive and supplements the deficient. The way of man is not so: It reduces the deficient to offer to the excessive', developing in-depth analysis of differences between heavenly and human ways
3. 圣人无为之道 / The Sage's Way of Non-Action
道德经第77章最后部分集中阐述了圣人的无为之道，这是本章的第三个重要主题。'是以圣人为而不恃，功成而不处，其不欲见贤'，这三句话概括了圣人的基本品质和行为特征。圣人的'为而不恃'体现了道家'无为而无不为'的深刻智慧，他们行动但不执着于行动的结果，不将成就据为己有。'功成而不处'强调不居功自傲，保持谦虚低调的态度。'其不欲见贤'则表明圣人不刻意显示自己的贤能，这种内敛的品质与世俗追求名誉地位的行为形成鲜明对比。圣人的无为之道本质上是对天道的效仿和实践，他们通过自身的修养和行为示范，将天道的平衡法则应用于人间事务。这种无为不是消极的不作为，而是顺应自然规律的积极行动。圣人的榜样为我们提供了个人修养和社会实践的理想范式，对于现代人如何在复杂社会中保持内心平静、实现自我价值具有重要的启示意义。
The final part of Tao Te Ching Chapter 77 focuses on expounding the sage's way of non-action, which constitutes the third important theme of this chapter. The three sentences 'Therefore the sage acts but does not possess, accomplishes but does not claim, does not desire to display his excellence' summarize the sage's fundamental qualities and behavioral characteristics. The sage's 'acting but not possessing' embodies the profound wisdom of Taoist 'non-action yet nothing left undone' - they act but do not cling to the results of action, not claiming achievements as their own. 'Accomplishing but not claiming' emphasizes not taking credit or being arrogant, maintaining a humble and low-profile attitude. 'Not desiring to display excellence' indicates that sages do not deliberately show their wisdom and ability, this restrained quality forming a sharp contrast with worldly pursuit of fame and status. The sage's way of non-action essentially imitates and practices the heavenly way. Through their self-cultivation and behavioral examples, they apply the balancing law of heavenly way to human affairs. This non-action is not passive inaction but active action in accordance with natural laws. The sage's example provides us with an ideal paradigm for personal cultivation and social practice, holding significant enlightening meaning for how modern people can maintain inner peace and realize self-worth in complex societies.
与原文的对应（中文）：对应经文结尾'是以圣人为而不恃，功成而不处，其不欲见贤'，深入分析圣人无为品质的哲学内涵
Relation to the text (English): Corresponds to the concluding text 'Therefore the sage acts but does not possess, accomplishes but does not claim, does not desire to display his excellence', deeply analyzing the philosophical connotations of sage's non-action qualities
三、现代生活中的应用 / Practical Meaning in Modern Life
-
领导力发展 / Leadership Development
道德经第77章的天道平衡思想为现代领导力发展提供了深刻的哲学基础。在组织管理中，领导者可以借鉴'损有余补不足'的原则，建立更加公平合理的资源分配机制。优秀的领导者应当像天道一样，善于发现组织中的不平衡现象并及时调整，而不是像人道那样'损不足以奉有余'，加剧内部不平等。同时，圣人'为而不恃，功成而不处'的品格为现代领导者树立了榜样，强调领导者应当注重团队成就而非个人荣耀，培养谦虚谨慎的领导风格。这种道家领导哲学有助于构建和谐的组织文化，提高团队凝聚力和执行力。
The heavenly balance thinking in Tao Te Ching Chapter 77 provides profound philosophical foundation for modern leadership development. In organizational management, leaders can draw on the principle of 'reducing the excessive and supplementing the deficient' to establish fairer and more reasonable resource distribution mechanisms. Excellent leaders should emulate the heavenly way, being adept at identifying imbalances within the organization and making timely adjustments, rather than following the human way of 'reducing the deficient to offer to the excessive' that exacerbates internal inequality. Meanwhile, the sage's character of 'acting but not possessing, accomplishing but not claiming' sets an example for modern leaders, emphasizing that leaders should focus on team achievements rather than personal glory, cultivating humble and prudent leadership styles. This Taoist leadership philosophy helps build harmonious organizational culture and improve team cohesion and execution.
- 建立公平的绩效考核制度，避免资源过度集中
- 培养发现和解决组织不平衡问题的能力
- 注重团队成就而非个人功劳，学会分享荣誉
- 保持谦虚态度，不断反思和改进领导方式
- 效仿天道平衡原则，建立动态调整的管理机制
- Establish fair performance evaluation systems to avoid excessive resource concentration
- Develop ability to identify and solve organizational imbalance issues
- Focus on team achievements rather than personal credit, learn to share honors
- Maintain humble attitude, constantly reflect on and improve leadership methods
- Emulate heavenly balance principle, establish dynamic adjustment management mechanisms
-
个人情绪管理 / Personal Emotion Management
道德经第77章的平衡智慧对于个人情绪管理具有重要指导意义。现代人常常面临情绪波动和心理压力，天道'高者抑之，下者举之'的原则可以应用于情绪调节。当情绪过于高涨时应当适当抑制，当情绪低落时应当主动提升，保持情绪的平衡稳定。圣人'为而不恃'的态度教导我们对待成功不过分执着，'功成而不处'提醒我们保持谦虚，不过分沉迷于成就。这种平衡的心态有助于预防极端情绪的产生，培养情绪韧性。通过实践道家平衡智慧，个人可以建立更加健康稳定的情绪管理模式，提高心理适应能力和生活质量。
The balancing wisdom in Tao Te Ching Chapter 77 holds significant guiding meaning for personal emotion management. Modern people often face emotional fluctuations and psychological stress, the heavenly principle of 'pressing down the high and lifting up the low' can be applied to emotional regulation. When emotions become too elevated, they should be appropriately suppressed; when emotions are low, they should be actively lifted to maintain emotional balance and stability. The sage's attitude of 'acting but not possessing' teaches us not to be overly attached to success, while 'accomplishing but not claiming' reminds us to maintain humility and not become excessively沉迷于 achievements. This balanced mindset helps prevent the generation of extreme emotions and cultivates emotional resilience. By practicing Taoist balancing wisdom, individuals can establish healthier and more stable emotion management patterns, improving psychological adaptability and quality of life.
- 学习识别情绪波动，及时进行自我调节
- 培养宠辱不惊的心态，不过分执着成败
- 建立日常情绪记录和反思习惯
- 练习正念冥想，增强情绪觉察能力
- 在情绪极端时采用平衡调节策略
- Learn to identify emotional fluctuations and conduct timely self-regulation
- Cultivate mindset of remaining undisturbed by honor or disgrace, not overly attached to success or failure
- Establish daily emotion recording and reflection habits
- Practice mindfulness meditation to enhance emotional awareness ability
- Adopt balancing regulation strategies during emotional extremes
-
可持续发展 / Sustainable Development
道德经第77章的天道平衡思想为现代可持续发展提供了古老的智慧启示。'损有余而补不足'的原则直接对应可持续发展中的公平性和资源合理分配要求。当前全球面临的气候变化、资源枯竭、贫富差距等问题，本质上都是违背天道平衡法则的结果。老子对'人之道，损不足以奉有余'的批判，精准地指出了不可持续发展模式的根本缺陷。实践天道平衡原则，意味着在经济发展、环境保护和社会公平之间寻求动态平衡，建立更加和谐的人与自然关系。这种道家生态智慧对于构建生态文明、实现全球可持续发展目标具有重要的参考价值。
The heavenly balance thinking in Tao Te Ching Chapter 77 provides ancient wisdom enlightenment for modern sustainable development. The principle of 'reducing the excessive and supplementing the deficient' directly corresponds to the requirements of fairness and reasonable resource distribution in sustainable development. Current global issues like climate change, resource depletion, and wealth gap are essentially results of violating the balancing law of heavenly way. Lao Tzu's criticism of 'human way reducing the deficient to offer to the excessive' accurately points out the fundamental flaws of unsustainable development models. Practicing the heavenly balance principle means seeking dynamic balance between economic development, environmental protection, and social equity, establishing more harmonious human-nature relationships. This Taoist ecological wisdom holds significant reference value for building ecological civilization and achieving global sustainable development goals.
- 在资源利用中贯彻节约和循环原则
- 推动更加公平的财富分配机制
- 在发展规划中综合考虑经济、环境和社会效益
- 倡导简约生活方式，减少不必要的消费
- 支持可再生能源和绿色技术的发展
- Implement conservation and recycling principles in resource utilization
- Promote fairer wealth distribution mechanisms
- Comprehensively consider economic, environmental and social benefits in development planning
- Advocate simple lifestyle, reduce unnecessary consumption
- Support development of renewable energy and green technologies
常见问题 / Frequently Asked Questions
问题 1：道德经第77章中'张弓'比喻的具体含义是什么？ / What is the specific meaning of the 'stretching bow' metaphor in Tao Te Ching Chapter 77?
道德经第77章中的'张弓'比喻是理解本章核心思想的关键。老子将天道比作张弓射箭的过程，这个比喻包含多层含义：首先，张弓需要不断调整力度和角度，象征着天道通过动态调节维持宇宙平衡；其次，弓弦的张力体现了阴阳、刚柔、强弱等对立统一的辩证关系；第三，射箭的目标导向性暗示天道调节具有明确的目的性，即实现整体和谐。这个生动比喻将抽象的天道概念具体化，帮助我们理解自然界自我调节、自我平衡的内在机制。通过张弓比喻，老子传达了一个重要信息：真正的智慧在于顺应自然规律而非强行干预。
The 'stretching bow' metaphor in Tao Te Ching Chapter 77 is key to understanding the core ideas of this chapter. Lao Tzu compares the heavenly way to the process of drawing a bow and shooting arrows, this metaphor contains multiple layers of meaning: First, drawing a bow requires constant adjustment of strength and angle, symbolizing how the heavenly way maintains cosmic balance through dynamic regulation; Second, the tension of bowstring embodies dialectical relationships of unity of opposites like yin-yang, hard-soft, strong-weak; Third, the target-oriented nature of arrow shooting implies that heavenly regulation has clear purposefulness, namely achieving overall harmony. This vivid metaphor concretizes the abstract concept of heavenly way, helping us understand the internal mechanisms of nature's self-regulation and self-balance. Through the bow metaphor, Lao Tzu conveys an important message: true wisdom lies in conforming to natural laws rather than forcing interventions.
问题 2：如何在现代社会中实践'损有余补不足'的天道原则？ / How to practice the heavenly principle of 'reducing the excessive and supplementing the deficient' in modern society?
在现代社会中实践'损有余补不足'的天道原则，可以从多个层面入手：在个人层面，应当平衡工作与生活、物质与精神需求，避免过度追求某一方面而忽视其他；在组织层面，企业可以建立更加公平的薪酬制度，避免收入差距过大，同时关注员工福祉和职业发展；在社会层面，政府应当通过税收调节、社会保障等措施实现财富的合理分配，缩小贫富差距；在全球层面，发达国家应当帮助发展中国家，实现全球资源的更加公平分配。此外，在环境保护方面，人类应当减少对自然资源的过度开采，保护生态环境的平衡。实践这一原则的关键在于培养平衡思维，在决策时综合考虑各种因素，避免极端化倾向。
To practice the heavenly principle of 'reducing the excessive and supplementing the deficient' in modern society, we can approach from multiple levels: At personal level, one should balance work and life, material and spiritual needs, avoiding excessive pursuit of one aspect while neglecting others; At organizational level, enterprises can establish fairer compensation systems to prevent excessive income gaps, while caring for employee welfare and career development; At social level, governments should achieve reasonable wealth distribution through measures like tax adjustment and social security, narrowing wealth gaps; At global level, developed countries should assist developing nations to achieve fairer global resource distribution. Additionally, in environmental protection, humans should reduce over-exploitation of natural resources and protect ecological balance. The key to practicing this principle lies in cultivating balanced thinking, comprehensively considering various factors in decision-making, and avoiding extreme tendencies.
问题 3：圣人'为而不恃，功成而不处'对现代人有什么启示？ / What enlightenment does the sage's 'acting but not possessing, accomplishing but not claiming' offer modern people?
圣人'为而不恃，功成而不处'的品质为现代人提供了宝贵的人生智慧。在竞争激烈的现代社会，人们往往过分强调个人成就和外在认可，导致焦虑和心理压力。圣人的态度教导我们：首先，应当专注于行动过程本身而非结果，享受做事的过程而非执着于成果；其次，成功时不居功自傲，保持谦虚谨慎的态度，这有助于维持良好的人际关系；第三，不过分追求外界认可，培养内在的价值感和自我认同。这种处世哲学有助于现代人建立更加健康的心态，减少功利主义带来的心理负担。在工作中，这种态度能够促进团队合作，避免个人英雄主义；在生活中，能够帮助我们保持内心平静，享受真正的幸福。
The sage's quality of 'acting but not possessing, accomplishing but not claiming' offers valuable life wisdom for modern people. In today's highly competitive society, people often overemphasize personal achievements and external recognition, leading to anxiety and psychological stress. The sage's attitude teaches us: First, we should focus on the action process itself rather than results, enjoying the process of doing things instead of clinging to outcomes; Second, when successful, we should not claim credit or be arrogant, maintaining humble and prudent attitude, which helps maintain good interpersonal relationships; Third, not excessively pursuing external recognition, cultivating inner sense of value and self-identity. This philosophy of life helps modern people establish healthier mindsets, reducing psychological burdens brought by utilitarianism. In work, this attitude can promote team cooperation and avoid individual heroism; In life, it can help us maintain inner peace and enjoy genuine happiness.
总结 / Summary of Dao De Jing Chapter 77
道德经第77章通过天道与人道的鲜明对比，深刻揭示了自然平衡法则与人类社会不公现象的矛盾。老子以张弓射箭为喻，阐述天道通过'损有余补不足'维持宇宙和谐，批判人道'损不足以奉有余'加剧社会不平等。本章强调圣人效法天道，践行'为而不恃，功成而不处'的无为之道，为个人修养和社会治理提供了永恒智慧。
Tao Te Ching Chapter 77, through sharp contrast between heavenly way and human way, profoundly reveals the contradiction between natural balancing laws and social injustice in human society. Using the metaphor of drawing a bow, Lao Tzu expounds how heavenly way maintains cosmic harmony by 'reducing the excessive and supplementing the deficient', while criticizing human way for 'reducing the deficient to offer to the excessive' that exacerbates social inequality. This chapter emphasizes that sages emulate heavenly way, practicing the non-action way of 'acting but not possessing, accomplishing but not claiming', providing eternal wisdom for personal cultivation and social governance.
关键词：天道, 人道, 平衡, 张弓, 损有余补不足, 圣人, 无为, 谦虚
Key concepts: Heavenly Way, Human Way, Balance, Stretching Bow, Reduce Excessive Supplement Deficient, Sage, Non-Action, Humility